棉花细胞质雄性不育研究进展_计算机论文.docVIP

棉花细胞质雄性不育研究进展_计算机论文 棉花细胞质雄性不育研究进展_计算机论文 摘要棉花具有十分明显的杂种优势,棉花细胞质雄性不育在棉花杂种优势的利用上具有重要作用。利用棉花细胞质雄性不育和育性恢复系统突破传统人工去雄杂交育种的瓶颈,为棉花杂交种制种的商业化推广展现了光明的前景。综述了近年来棉花细胞质雄性不育在细胞学、生理生化、分子生物学和育性恢复4个方面的研究进展。详细阐明了棉花细胞质雄性不育小孢子败育时期及细胞学形态、生理生化指标研究、胞内基因组和核内恢复基因的分子生物学研究和获得理想恢复系的方法,并提出了研究中存在的主要问题,展望了今后工作的研究方向。 　　关键词棉花细胞质雄性不育育性恢复 　　AbstractThere is fully apparent heterosis in cotton. Cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) has played an important role in heterosis usage in cotton.CMS and utilization of fertility restorer system have made a breakthrough in conquering breeding bottleneck by artificial emasculation and unfolded a bright outlook for promoting commercial production of hybrid seed. Research progress of four facials of cytology,physiological and biochemical indexes,molecular biology and fertility restoration on CMS in Gossypium hirsutum L. during the recent years were reviewed mainly in this paper. In the four facials which were reviewed mainly in this paper,period of microspore abortion and cytological morphology,physiological and biochemical indexes including carbohydrate,amino acid,enzyme and hormone,molecular biology of intracellular genome including chloroplast genome and mitochondrial genome and restoring gene in nucleus and methods of getting ideal and high resilience restorer on CMS in Gossypium hirsutum L. The objects of introducing all above these things in detail would tell peple current research status of the mechanism on CMS in Gossypium hirsutum L. and provide some helps for their relevant researches. The problems existing in the present study and the prospect to the future work on CMS in Gossypium hirsutum L. were proposed,which would provide references for related researchers. 　　Key wordscottoncytoplasmic male sterilityfertility restoration 　　 　　棉花是优质纤维、食用油和蛋白集一身的重要经济作物。如何提高棉花品种的产量、品质和抗逆性并使其广泛应用于生产是当前棉花育种亟需解决的问题。杂种优势的利用则为这一问题的解决提供了新的思路,并已在很多植物中得到了广泛的应用。棉花具有十分明显的杂种优势,但目前棉花杂种优势的利用则主要采用人工去雄授粉法和核不育系“一系两用”法,方法繁琐且制种成本高,难以大规模推广应用。而水稻、高粱等作物则主要采用细胞质雄性不育性(Cytoplasmic Male Sterility,