2015年ustc博士研究生入学考试英语试题.pdfVIP

2007 年秋季博士研究生入学考试英语试题 PAPER ONE SECTION I READING COMPREHENSION ( 30 points ) Directions: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage One Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following passage: Studying science within a social and political context is not part of current scientific training in the U.S. Instead, scientists believe that they are studying knowledge for knowledges sake. They work within a social structure of competition and reward that encourages pursuit of recognition of colleagues and prestige at the expense of humanness. Scientists undergo long years of training. PhD students, for example, do approximately 3-5 years of post-undergraduate work and frequently an additional 2-3 years of post doctoral study before starting a job at the lowest level of the so-called professional order. From the beginning the scientist is trained in the scientific method, which teaches one to isolate an object for study, to analyze its internal workings, to formulate laws about it. Both the isolation of the object and the method used to examine it, i.e. looking at parts rather than the whole, reinforce piecemeal rather than comprehensive thinking. It would not be possible for science to appear neutral if it were viewed as part of the cultural and social institutions that support, create and encourage it. Science as it is currently practiced is concerned with validity and not with values. It is pursuit of knowledge regardless of moral consideration. Long years of training in reductionist thinking produces scientists who are experts, special people who ar