2015年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学统一考试英语试题.pdfVIP

2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the b est word(s) for each nu mbered blank a nd mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near C hicago. It hoped they would learn how shop fl oor lighting 1 workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their na me to t he Hawthorne effect, the extremely influential idea that the very 3 of be ing experimented u pon ch anged s ubjects behavior. The i dea ar ose bec ause of the 4 behavior of the w omen in th e p lant. According to 5 of the e xperiments, t heir ho urly out put rose whe n lighting was increased, but also when it wa s dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was ch anged, productivity rose. A (n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers behavior 10 its elf. After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis. The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise store. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 1 3 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of cond ucting the ex periments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on M onday, output 16 rose compared with the previous