瘤胃甲烷菌及甲烷生成的调控.pdfVIP

瘤胃甲烷菌及甲烷生成的调控 郭嫣秋 胡伟莲刘建新① (浙江大学奶业科学研究所杭州310029) 摘要 甲烷茵属于古细菌，参与有机物的厌氧降解，生成甲烷。反刍动物瘤胃内甲烷的生成损耗2%～12% 的饲料能量，并且通过暖气排入大气。甲烷不仅是温室气体之一，而且还会破坏大气臭氧层。每年全球反 刍动物排放大量的甲烷，减少瘤胃内甲烷的生成对提高饲料能量利用率和改善环境具有重要意义。近年来， 有关瘤胃甲烷茵及甲烷生成调控的报道日益增多，本文概述了甲烷茵的特性以及瘤胃内甲烷生成的途径， 综述了甲烷生成的调控手段，主要包括去原虫、日粮配合、添加电子受体、增加乙酸生成茵等方法。 关键词 甲烷茵瘤胃 调控 Methanogens and Manipulation of Methane Production in the Rumen Guo Yanqiu, Hu Weilian, Liu Jianxin② (Institute of Dairy Science and Industry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China) Abstract: Methanogens belong to the kingdom of Euryarchaeota in the domain of Archaea. They are characterized by their ability to produce methane under anaerobic conditions. Methane production in the rumen represents a loss of energy for the host animal, and, in addition, methane eructated by ruminants may contribute to a greenhouse effect or global warming. Reduction or elimination of methanogenesis in the rumen has been touted as a way of improving animal production and may marginally benefit to control of anthropogenic release of methane. More and more scientists focus on ruminal methanogens and methanogenesis recently. Author summarized the manipulation of methanogenesis in the rumen, including defaunation, feed formulation, adding electron acceptors and stimulation of acetogens. The characteristics of methanogenic Archaea and the recent knowledge of the methanogenesis in the rumen were also reviewed in this article. Key words: Methanogens Rumen Manipulation 甲烷菌严格厌氧，属于古细菌的水生古细菌门(Euryarchaeota)。甲烷菌参与有机物 厌氧降解的最后一步，主要存在于厌氧环境，如反刍动物的瘤胃、人类的消化系统、稻田、 [1] 湖泊或海底沉积物、热油层和盐池，以及污泥消化和沼气反应器等人为环境中 。反刍动物 瘤胃内生成的甲烷通过嗳气排人大气，甲烷是与全球气候变化密切相关的温室气体，对全球 气候变暖的影响作用占到所有影响气候变暖因素作用的 15%～20%，其增温潜势是二氧化