应用光学chapter1.ppt

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Determining the focal point of a system * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 在黑板上推算 Negative lens: concave lens, the thickness of its center is smaller than that of its edge, diverge the rays, named diverging lens also. Divergence: the exit ray is curved further from the optical axis compared with incident ray. (2)The function of lens – imaging A A’ A’ : image point of A A : object point A’ is the cross point of the real rays emerging from the system, if we put a screen at the point A’, there will be a bright point on the screen, such an image point is called a “real image point”. A and A’ is called a pair of conjugate points. When the image point A’ is taken as the object point, A becomes the image of A’, this relation is called “conjugate” in Geometrical optics. (3)Principles of lens imaging Positive lens: the part of the beam at the center of the lens travels slower than the part at the edge of the lens does, because the central thickness of a positive lens is greater than its edge thickness, and the propagation speed of light in glass is smaller than that in air since the refractive index of glass is greater that that of air. A O P Q P Q O’ A’ P’ Q’ Form real image Negative lens: its edge thickness is greater than its central thickness, the part of the beam traveling through its center of the lens goes faster than the part at its edge. A A’ Form virtual image Questions: Is the positive lens certainly forms a real image? Is the negative lens certainly forms a virtual image? Several definitions Image: The cross point of emergent rays. Real image point: The actual point of the emergent rays intersect at. Virtual image point: The point Which the prolongations of the emergent rays intersect at. Object: The cross point of incident rays. Real object point: The point

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