液压机上镦粗与拔长新理论与新工艺与研究.docVIP

液压机上镦粗与拔长新理论与新工艺的研究 刘助柏　王连东　李兆夫 　　摘　要　在镦粗工艺理论方面，提出了圆柱体镦粗的刚塑性力学模型的拉应力理论和静水应力力学模型的切应力理论，设计了锥形板镦粗的新工艺。在拔长工艺理论方面：应用方柱体镦粗的两个新力学模型与拔长的刚端影响问题，论证了只有砧宽比一个工艺参数的不足，而应补充一个新的工艺参数——料宽比，才能正确描述拔长体中心区域的应力状态与有效控制锻件质量；并进一步解决了该拔长理论工艺参数量值的合理匹配与确定；在“锻造条件对毛坯内部空洞闭合的影响”研究中，提出了增加料宽比对横向拉应力控制的“新FM(Free from Mannesmann effect)锻造法”；并在此基础上提出了横向无拉应力锻造法。用上述理论指导工艺生产，可大幅度提高锻件的质量。　　关键词　镦粗　拔长　刚塑性　静水应力　料宽比 Research for New Theories and New Technologies of Upsetting and Stretching in a Hydraulic Press Liu Zhubai Wang Liandong Li Zhaofu 　　Abstract　In the upsetting technology theory,a tension stress theory of a rigid-plastic mechanical model and a shearing stress theory of a hydraulic stress mechanical model are proposed for upsetting a cylinder between flat platens,and a new type technology for upsetting between cone-platens is advanced.In the stretching technology theory,based on the two new mechanical models for upsetting a square body and the rigid influence problem,it is demonstrated that only a new technology parameter-blank width ratio is complemented besides the technology parameter-tool width ratio,can the stress state in the central zone of stretching body be correctly described and the forging quality be effectively controlled.The technology parameters of stretching technology theory are correctly matched and determined.In the research for the influence of forging conditions on closing the internal pores in blanks,New FM method with which the transverse tension stress is controlled by the complemented blank width ratio is promoted. The forging method without transverse tension stress is advanced.With the above theories directing production,the forging quality can be improved effectively.　　Key Words　Upsetting,Stretching,Rigid-Plasticity,Hydraulic Stress,Blank Width Ratio. 1　提出与研究了镦粗新理论与新工艺 　　对普通平板镦粗圆柱体，根据高径比H／D的不同，提出了两个新理论：高径比H／D＞1时的刚塑性力学模型的拉应力理论和高径比H／D＜1时的静水应力力学模型的切应力理论［1］。1.1　刚塑性力学模型的拉应力理论　　图1a为高径比H／D＞2的圆柱体毛坯在普通平板间镦粗，由于毛坯端部摩擦力的作用，形成的abc(a′b′c′)圆锥体为难变形区，可以认为是一个刚体，称为刚性区。变形力由刚性区传给 bcd(b′c′d′)