測試站答案.docVIP

新 高 中 生 物 精 要 測 試 站 答 案 Check point 測試站 (1) 1. What is the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms? 生物的最基本結構和功能單位是什麼？ 細胞 cell 2. Explain cell theory. 解釋細胞理論。 1. The cell is the basic unit of life. 細胞是生命的基本單位； 2. All living organisms are made up of cells and their products. 所有生命都是由細胞或它的產品所組成； 3. Growth and reproduction are due to the division of cells. 生長及生殖都是基於細胞分裂。 3. State the general structure of a cell. 簡述細胞的一般性結構。 It consists of a mass of protoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane, 基本上是一團被細胞膜所包圍著的原生質； can exist singly or in group, 可單獨或以組的形式存在； 3. contains various organelles. 含有許多細胞器。 4. State the definition of organelle 說出細胞器的定義。 Specialised part of a cell for performing a specific function. eg. Chloroplast, mitochondrion. 細胞器是細胞內的特化部分，能進行特定的功能，例如：葉綠體、粒線體等。 5. Describe the structure and properties of cell membrane. 簡述細胞膜的性質及其結構。 1. Thin and flexible. 薄而有彈性； 2. Differentially permeable 具差異透性； 3. Made up of protein (60%) and phospholipid (40%) molecules. 細胞膜是由蛋白質(60%)和磷脂分子(40%)所組成。 6. Describe the property of phospholipid with related to water affinity. 簡述磷脂對水親和力的特性。 Phospholipids contain a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail. 磷脂含有一個親水頭和一個疏水尾。 7. How is phospholipid arranged in the cell membrane? 磷脂如何在細胞膜內排列﹖ The phospholipid molecules formed a bimolecular layer. 兩層磷脂分子排列成一個磷脂雙分子層(脂雙層)。 The hydrophobic tails associated with each other at the center of the membrane with the hydrophilic heads extending towards the surface. 脂雙層的疏水尾排列在胞膜的中心，而親水頭排在兩表面。 8. What substance is attached to the surface of phospholipid bilayer? 脂雙層的表面貼有什麼東西? Each side of these phospholipids was a layer of protein molecules, rather like the bread on either side of a sandwich. 在兩層磷脂的表面皆貼有一層蛋白質分子，很像位於三文治表面的兩層麵包。 9. Why does cell membrane model is called “fluid mosaic model” ? 為什麼細胞膜模型名叫「流體鑲嵌模型」? Viewed from the surface, the proteins are dotted throughout the phospholipid layer in a mosaic arrangement. The phospholipid layer