试论痕迹检验的程序和方法.docVIP

试论痕迹检验的程序和方法 【摘 要】痕迹检验是对现场痕迹和嫌疑客体（或样本）进行观察研究，从感性到理性的整个认识过程。做好痕迹检验鉴定的准备：鉴定材料的准备、委托鉴定、受理鉴定。痕迹检验的一般程序和具体方法：预备实验，分别检验，比较检验，综合评断作出结论，制作鉴定书五个阶段进行。其中包括了在比较检验中比较方法有特征对照法、特征接合法、特征重叠法三种方法。技术人员对痕迹检验、寻找确定特征和特征比较中所获得的感觉材料进行分析，从而明确其矛盾性质、区分异同、作出结论的过程。最后，以鉴定书形式反映检验经过和结论意见，为破案、起诉和审判提供证据。 【关键词】痕迹检验；程序；方法； On the traces of test procedures and methods] Niu haijun [Abstract] Traces of test and suspect on the spot traces of the object (or sample) to observe the research, from the emotional to the rational understanding of the whole process. Do a good job in identifying traces of test preparation: Identification of the material preparation, commissioned by the identification, the admissibility of identification. Traces of the general testing procedures and specific methods of: preparing the experiment, respectively, testing, comparison testing, integrated judge concluded that the production of the book to identify the five stages. Including in the comparison test to compare the characteristics of methods of control law, the characteristics of legitimate access, the characteristics of three methods overlap. Inspection of the traces of technical staff to find the features and characteristics identified in the sense of access to materials analysis, in order to clear the nature of their conflicts, to distinguish the similarities and differences of the process of drawing conclusions. Finally, to identify the form reflect the views and conclusions after testing for the detection, prosecution and trial to give evidence. [Key Words]Trace test; procedures; method; 痕迹检验是由侦查部门委托鉴定，并经技术检验部门受理鉴定后的检验鉴定工作。在开展检验工作前，一般应由委托鉴定与受理鉴定符合法律程序后才能进行痕迹检验。痕迹勘验的整个过程都要保持其真实客观性和具备法律效力，这就要求整个过程，全面、细致的发现、寻找、固定、提取现场痕迹，并采用文字照相等方式记录下来，从而达到揭露打击犯罪的目的。因此，在日常侦查工作中我们需将提取的犯罪证据聘请专业人员来鉴定，为我们侦查破案提供有力的证据和线索。 一、现场痕迹的勘验和送检 （一）痕迹的勘验 1、寻找发现痕迹的方法 （1）光照观察法：在自然或配光的照射下，依据痕迹的凸凹结构或物质对光的吸收性能不同二出现反差，从而发现痕迹的一种方法。它适用于寻找各种立体痕迹，以及透明物体或表面有光泽物体上的有色平面痕迹。 （2）理化显现法：利用物理的、化学的或物理化学的有关原理和技术，改变承受体或形成痕迹物质的颜色，是无色（或色泽微弱）痕迹变为明显可见的痕迹的方法。适用于寻找潜在痕迹，如纸张、本色