Force Transmission in Granular Materials.ppt

Force Transmission in Granular Materials R.P. Behringer Duke University Support: US NSF, NASA Collaborators: Junfei Geng, Guillaume Reydellet, Eric Clement, Stefan Luding OUTLINE Introduction Overview Important issues for force propagation Models Experimental approach Exploration or order/disorder and friction Conclusion Friction and frictional indeterminacy Multiple contacts = indeterminacy Frictional indeterminacy = history dependence Stress balance Stress balance, Continued Four unknown stress components (2D) Three balance equations Horizontal forces Vertical forces Torques Need a constit