2011年高考阅读理解分析指导(含试题).docVIP

2011年高考阅读理解分析指导 考点一 主旨大意题 在高考阅读理解中，主题概括类试题的考查占有十分重要的位置。掌握所读材料的主旨和大意也是《英语课程标准》和《考试说明》对考生的基本要求之一。只有通过阅读掌握了文章的主题，才能正确理解文章，进而根据文章的事实细节推测作者的态度和观点。 题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。 1. What is the main / general idea of this text? 2. What is mainly discussed in this passage? 3. What is the text mainly about? 4. This text mainly tells us ________. 5. This passage mainly deals with _________. 6. The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________. 选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有： 1. What would be the best title for the text? 2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text? 3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________. 4. The topic of this passage is _________. 不管是选择“主题”还是选择“标题”，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。 下面具体分析此类题目的解题技巧一、段落及文章整体的主题大意的理解 解这类试题应根据以下几个步骤，掌握此类题的解题技巧： 1. 寻找主题句，确定文章主题 在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主题概括类试题多采用浏览法 (skimming)，一般不需逐句，只需选读文章的首段尾段或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。主题句呈现的形式1）文首开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。如：? Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers. Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present. The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful (有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes. Ten healthy volunteers (志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that cont