The Ideal Gas Law.ppt

The Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT Ideal Gases An “ideal” gas exhibits certain theoretical properties. Specifically, an ideal gas … Obeys all of the gas laws under all conditions. Does not condense into a liquid when cooled. Shows perfectly straight lines when its V and T P and T relationships are plotted on a graph. In reality, there are no gases that fit this definition perfectly. We assume that gases are ideal to simplify our calculations. We have done calculations using several gas laws (Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law, Combined Gas Law). There is one more to know… The Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT P = Pressure (in kPa) V = Volume (in L) T = Temperature (in K) n = moles Developing the ideal gas law equation PV/T = constant. What is the constant? At STP: T= 273K, P= 101.3 kPa, V= 22.4 L/mol Sample problems Ideal Gas Law Questions How many moles of CO2(g) is in a 5.6 L sample of CO2 measured at STP? a) Calculate the volume of 4.50 mol of SO2(g) measured at STP. b) What volume would this occupy at 25°C and 150 kPa? (solve this 2 ways) How many grams of Cl2(g) can be stored in a 10.0 L container at 1000 kPa and 30°C? At 150°C and 100 kPa, 1.00 L of a compound has a mass of 2.506 g. Calculate its molar mass. 98 mL of an unknown gas weighs 0.087 g at SATP. Calculate the molar mass of the gas. Can you determine the identity of this unknown gas? a) Volume of 4.50 mol of SO2 at STP. P= 101.3 kPa, n= 4.50 mol, T= 273 K PV=nRT From a): P = 101.3 kPa, V = 100.8 L, T = 273 K Now P = 150 kPa, V = ?, T = 298 K Determining the molar mass of butane Using a butane lighter, balance, and graduated cylinder determine the molar mass of butane. Determine the mass of butane used by weighing the lighter before and after use. The biggest source of error is the mass of H2O remaining on the lighter. As a precaution, dunk the lighter dry well before measuring initial mass. After use, dry well before taking final mass. (Be careful not to lose mass when drying). When you collect the gas, ensu