14 semantics.pdfVIP

• 1) X is synonymous with Y Sense Relations Between • For example, (1) Sentences • X: He was a bachelor all his life. • Y: He never married all his life. Lecture Three On Semantics • In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is true; if X is false, Y is false. 1. Sense relations between sentences • There are certain relations between lexical • 2) X is inconsistent with Y items, so are there certain relations • For example, (2) between sentences and also between • X: This is my first visit to your country. constituents of the same sentence. • Y: I have been to your country before. • In terms of truth conditions, the following • In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is five major such relations will be analyzed. false; if X is false, Y is true. • 1) X is synonymous with Y; • 3) X entails Y • 2) X is inconsistent with Y; • Entailment is a relation of inclusion. If X • 3) X entails Y; entails Y, the meaning of X is included in Y. • 4) X presupposes Y; • For example, (3) • 5) X is a contradiction; • X: John has been to France. • 6) X is semantically anomalous