Measure,Report,andSummarizeMakeintelligentchoicesSe：衡量，报告，和summarizemake智能choicesse.ppt

Chapter 2: Performance Measure, Report, and Summarize Make intelligent choices See through the marketing hype Key to understanding underlying organizational motivationWhy is some hardware better than others for different programs?What factors of system performance are hardware related? (e.g., Do we need a new machine, or a new operating system?)How does the machines instruction set affect performance? How much faster is the Concorde compared to the 747? How much bigger is the 747 than the Douglas DC-8? Definitions Performance is in units of things-per-second bigger is better If we are primarily concerned with response time performance(x) = 1 execution_time(x) X is n times faster than Y means Performance(X) n = ---------------------- Performance(Y) Example Computer Performance: TIME, TIME, TIME Response Time (latency) — How long does it take for my job to run? — How long does it take to execute a job? — How long must I wait for the database query? Throughput — How many jobs can the machine run at once? — What is the average execution rate? — How much work is getting done? If we upgrade a machine with a new processor what do we increase? If we add a new machine to the lab what do we increase? Execution Time Elapsed Time counts everything (disk and memory accesses, I/O , etc.) a useful number, but often not good for comparison purposes CPU time doesnt count I/O or time spent running other programs can be broken up into system time, and user time Our focus: user CPU time time spent executing the lines of code that are in our program Books Definition of Performance For some program running on machine X,  PerformanceX = 1 / Execution timeX X is n times faster than Y PerformanceX / PerformanceY = n Problem: machine A runs a program in 20 seconds machine B runs the same program in 25 seconds Clock Cycles Instead of reporting execution time in seconds, we often use cycles Clo