Basic Crystallography.ppt

Basic Crystallography An unspeakable horror seized me. There was a darkness; then a dizzy, sickening sensation of sight that was not like seeing; I saw a line that was no line; space that was not space.......I shrieked aloud in agony, Either this is madness or it is Hell.It is neither, calmly replied the voice of the Sphere, it is Knowledge; it is Three Dimensions: open your eye once again and try to look steadily........ Distress not yourself if you cannot at first understand the deeper mysteries of Spaceland. By degrees they will dawn upon you.On the occasion of the Squares first encounter with three dimensions, from E. A. Abbotts Flatland, (1884). Repetition = SymmetryTypes of repetition: Rotation  Translation RotationWhat is rotational symmetry? Imagine that this object will be rotated (maybe) Was it? The object is obviously symmetric…it has symmetry The object is obviously symmetric…it has symmetryCan be rotated 90° w/o detection …………so symmetry is really  doing nothing Symmetry is doing nothing - or at least doing something so that it looks like nothing was done! What kind of symmetry does this object have? What kind of symmetry does this object have? What kind of symmetry does this object have? What kind of symmetry does this object have? What kind of symmetry does this object have? What kind of symmetry does this object have? Another example: Another example: And another: And another: What about translation?Same as rotation What about translation?Same as rotationEx: one dimensional array of points 2D translationsLots of common examples Lattice - infinite, perfectly periodic array of points in a space Not a lattice: Not a lattice: Not a lattice - ….some kind of STRUCTURE becuz not just points Another type of lattice - with a different symmetry  rectangular Another type of lattice - with a different symmetrysquare Another type of lattice - with a different symmetry