Peripheral Circulation and Regulation.ppt

Peripheral Circulation and Regulation Peripheral Circulatory System Systemic vessels Transport blood through most all body parts from left ventricle and back to right atrium Pulmonary vessels Transport blood from right ventricle through lungs and back to left atrium Blood vessels and heart regulated to ensure blood pressure is high enough for blood flow to meet metabolic needs of tissues Blood Vessel Structure Arteries Elastic, muscular, arterioles Capillaries Blood flows from arterioles to capillaries Most of exchange between blood and interstitial spaces occurs across the walls Blood flows from capillaries to venous system Veins Venules, small veins, medium or large veins Capillaries Capillary wall consists mostly of endothelial cells Types classified by diameter/permeability Continuous Do not have fenestrae Fenestrated Have pores Sinusoidal Large diameter with large fenestrae Capillary Network Blood flows from arterioles through metarterioles, then through capillary network Venules drain network Smooth muscle in arterioles, metarterioles, precapillary sphincters regulates blood flow Structure of Arteries and Veins Three layers except for capillaries and venules Tunica intima Endothelium Tunica media Vasoconstriction Vasodilation Tunica adventitia Merges with connective tissue surrounding blood vessels Structure of Arteries Elastic or conducting arteries Largest diameters, pressure high and fluctuates Muscular or medium arteries Smooth muscle allows vessels to regulate blood supply by constricting or dilating Arterioles Transport blood from small arteries to capillaries Structure of Veins Venules and small veins Tubes of endothelium on delicate basement membrane Medium and large veins Valves Allow blood to flow toward heart but not in opposite direction Atriovenous anastomoses Allow blood to flow from arterioles to small veins without passing through capillaries Blood Vessel Comparison Aging of the Arteries Arteriosclerosis General term for degeneration changes