主观与客观.pptVIP

Contrastive Linguistics between Chinese and English Subjectification and Objectification Language and Thinking What is thinking? (physical and physiological basis) What do people think about? (the objective world and the subjective self) What is the inter-relation between thinking and language? (inter-actions between the two; influence of the way of thinking on the language) How Chinese and people in the West think in different ways? Typical Chinese Way of Thinking 天人合一 道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。(老子) 人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。（庄子） 万物皆备于我矣（孟子） 庄周梦蝶: Is it Zhuangzhou dreamed of the butterfly or the butterfly dreamed of Zhuangzhou? Supreme accomplishment according to Confuciasm: from “我注六经” to“六经注我” Features of Traditional Western Philosophy The view of one divides into two: Human-beings and the natural world People have to learn about the world. And conquer the world. Vini, vidi, vici. Comparison of English and Chinese English: Distinguishes the objective and the subjective Chinese: Emphasizes the melting of the subjective into the objective, thus resulting in the tendency of subjectificaion. Subjective and Objective Standards Compare: a. He ran so fast that he finished the last 100 meters in twelve seconds. b. The six-year-old boy ran as quickly (fast) as his feet could carry him. (speed) Rapid (rapidity) vs. speedy high vs. tall heavy vs. weighty expensive vs. dear Subjective and Objective Standards 1．This is a difficult problem. 2．The situation is quite difficult. 3．我很难明白他的意思。 I am difficult to understand him/what he means.(?) It is difficult for me to understand him / what he means. 4. He is a difficult friend. / Do be difficult. **************** To him it is good enough. The distinction between to one and for one Subjective and Objective Views Compare 1. a. It seems that he likes the food. b. He seems to like the food. 看来他很喜欢这种食物。 2. a. It is true that he likes the food. b. (The fact) that he likes the food is true. 他真的很喜欢