[期刊杂志 科学] Science 2010年 10月_部分4.pdfVIP

REPORTS virus infections are thought to be driving resurgent detected for all possible pair-wise interactions The effects of self-limiting infections were tuberculosis epidemics in Africa (9). Hence, single (Fig. 1 and table S2). Both positive and negative generally short-lived. Thus, although cowpox virus parasite studies may yield incorrect or incomplete associations were detected, and their magnitude infection at t0 consistently increased susceptibility conclusions. Nonetheless, most epidemiological was frequently considerable: increases up to a to other parasites (by a factor of ~2) (Fig. 1), there studies, in animals and humans, still focus on factor of 5.5 in risk and reductions in the odds of was little evidence of effects of cowpox infec- single species. Studies that do consider multiple becoming infected on the order of 15% compared tion at t-1, despite a correlation between infection infections are typically cross-sectional, with each with uninfected individuals (Figs. 1 and 2). Indeed, status at t and t . Likewise, animals with ongoing -1 0 host providing infection data at one time point. perhaps most strikingly, in all cases, except for A. phagocytophilum infections (infected at t and t ) -1 0 The time of initial infection is unknown in such cowpox, infection with other parasite species were less likely to become