无线电波传播-第二讲电波传播基本理论.pptVIP

Radio Wave Propagation 无线电波传播 第二讲 Principle of EM waves Properties of EM waves Maxwell’s equations Wave equations Tank circuit AM and FM Properties of EM Waves Transverse waves Propagates in vacuum medium Wide frequency range Propagates at speed of light c = 3x108 m/s (in vacuum) Transverse EM Wave Longitudinal Waves 连续性方程 运动的电荷形成电流。连续性方程规定电荷密度和电流密度之间的关系 Constitutive Relations 麦克斯韦电磁场理论的理解 恒定的电场不产生磁场 恒定的磁场不产生电场 均匀变化的电场在周围空间产生恒定的磁场 均匀变化的磁场在周围空间产生恒定的电场 振荡电场产生同频率的振荡磁场 振荡磁场产生同频率的振荡电场 周期性变化的电场（磁场）叫振荡电场（磁场） 电磁波 Tank Circuit Inductor Capacitor share energy Charge flows back and forth through inductor Energy shifts back and forth between the two devices Tank Circuits in Radio Tanks are resonant devices Tanks build up energy at a specific frequency Tanks help radios emit radio waves Tanks help radios detect radio waves Emitting Radio Waves A transmitter uses a tank circuit to “slosh” charge up and down its antenna A receiver uses a tank circuit to detect charge “sloshing” on its antenna Transmitter antenna charge affects receiver antenna charge 用电磁波传递声音和图像信号的原理 先将信号载在电磁波上，再把载有信号的电磁波发射出去，到达接收处设法从电磁波上把信号检出来。 电磁波传递声音和图像信号打个比方就象鸽子送信一样。 电磁波的发射过程 由高频振荡器产生高频振荡电流（养鸽子） 把要传递的声音和图像信号变成电流信号(写信) 将振荡器产生的高频振荡电流和声音、图像的信号电流一同输入到调制器中，使高频振荡电流随着传递的声音图像信号发生相应的变化（绑信） 把随着声音图像信号而变化的高频振荡电流送到发射天线，发射出电磁波（放飞信鸽） 电磁波的接收过程 用天线接收电磁波（抓信鸽） 用调谐器即收音机或电视机中选台的电路选出所 需要的电信号（选出信鸽） 让高频振荡电流经过检波器，就能将要传递的声音信号和图像信号从高频振荡电流中“检”出（取信） 把声音信号和图象信号分别送到扬声器和电视机，就能听到声音、看到图像（读信） AM Modulation Information is encoded in the fluctuating amplitude of the wave Pressure variations cause changes in the amount of charge moving on the antenna FM Modulation Information is encoded in the exact frequency of the charge motion Pressure variations cause slight shifts in the frequency of charge motion on the antenna LC传输线上的波动方程 Demonstration: Transmitter and Light-Bulb Receiver Antenna Demonstration: AM Transmitter and Receiver Principle of EM waves Principle of EM waves 电磁波的发射过程 Principle of EM waves Principle of EM waves 电磁波的接收过程 Principle