福师《大学英语（）》第二课 Survival 课堂笔记.doc

福师《大学英语（2）》第二课 Survival 课堂笔记 Three Rs for Surviving Environmental Change① 三个“R”：环境变化的生存之路 The human, economic, political, and security cost of environmental change can be cut down at three stages which are generally referred to as the three Rs, namely: 我们可以从三个阶段着手，减少环境变化造成的人身、经济、政治和安全损害。这三个阶段可以用三个“R”来概括，即： Reinforce — reinforcing relief and adaptation before the event through good planning communication and regulations; 强化（Reinforce）——事先通过良好的部署、交流和管理来强化缓解和适应； Rescue — executing an effective rescue during the crisis; 救援（Rescue）——在危机过程中进行有效的救援； Recovery—supporting a long-term regional recovery to lessen the disruptive social and economic impacts. 恢复（Recovery）——支持一个长期的地区性恢复来消除分裂性的社会和经济影响。 Each of these three categories operates at two levels: government and society （including business）.Thus, six areas are made that can be worked on to create better defences against environmental change. An analysis of these six elements gives an idea of how ready a place is to survive a blow. Here is a small sample of things to aim for: 每一个阶段的目标都可以在两个层面上落实，即政府层面和社会层面（包括产业界）。这样，我们可以从六个方面来更好地抵御环境变化。下面这个分析中列举的是这六个方面的要素，可以反映一个地方的防灾准备程度。 What happened to coastal southeast China in the summer of 2006 can be taken as a good example.By August 11, it had been hit by eight typhoons, including the most powerful one in half-a-century.②Over 1,700 people died in total, more than 5 million homes and 323,750 square kilometers of farmland were destroyed, and there was at least US$20 billion in damages. At the height of the biggest typhoon, the government used all means possible, including TV, the Internet and text messages to get the word out about escape routes.③In all, more than 1.5 million people were evacuated, 40,000 ships were recalled to ports and all business not related to fighting the typhoon was suspended.④Society did not break down and all levels of government, including the military, came together to effectively limit additional cost and suffering.⑤ 2006年中国东南部的台风灾害可以用这个图表来分析。截至当年8月11日，该地区