国际贸易第一章课件中文翻译.pptVIP

2005-9-13 Zhou Ruiqi 010 uibep@126.com INTERNATIONAL TRADE PRACTICE国际贸易实务 Presented by Zhu Rundong Chapter One General Introduction 简要介绍 1.1 Concept of international trade国际贸易的概念 International trade / world trade / foreign trade / overseas trade国际贸易，又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易， The fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries.是一种平等的、有意识的、跨国界的商品和服务的交换行为。 Concerning trade operations of both import and export 国际贸易是有关于进出口的贸易业务 Including the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.包括购买或者出售有形和无形商品 1.2 Reasons for international trade产生国际贸易的原因 Resource reasons资源方面的原因 Natural resources自然资源 Human resources人力原因 Technology科技 Economic reasons经济方面的原因 Benefits利益 Comparative advantage (David Ricardo)比较优势(如果一个国家在本国生产一种产品的机会成本（用其他产品来衡量）低于在其他国家生产该产品的机会成本的话，则这个国家在生产该种产品上就拥有比较优势。) Economies of scale规模经济,(给定技术的条件下，对于某一产品，如果在某些产量范围内平均成本是下降或上升的话，我们就认为存在着规模经济或不经济) Other reasons(become more and more important now) 其他原因(现在变得越来越重要) 1.3 Differences from domestic trade与国内贸易的区别 Deals transacted in foreign languages and Cultural differences 交易过程中使用外语且存在文化差异 Under foreign laws, customs and regulations or international rules交易需要遵守外国法规,海关规章制度及法令或者国际法规 Foreign currency is used, therefore easily influenced by the fluctuation of foreign exchange rate, interest rate, etc.使用外国货币,所以贸易容易受到外汇汇率及利率的波动的影响 Higher risks: Political risks, Commercial risks, Financial risks, Transportation risks高风险:政治风险,商业风险,金融风险和运输风险 More complex business procedures therefore managers need a broader range of management skills交易过程更加复杂,因此管理需要更高的管理能力 About the contract 关于合同 Two forms of business negotiation:商业谈判的两种方式 in words, i.e. face-to-face negotiation or negotiation through telephone使用语言谈判,比如:面对面谈判或者通过电话谈判 in writing, i.e. business correspondence which includes letters, faxes, e-mails, telex, etc. 书面谈判,比如:商业通信(包括信件,传真,电子邮件,电报) four main steps involved: enquiry, offer, counter-offer and acceptance. 四个主要步骤:询价,报价,议价和验收 A trade contract is an agreement which is concluded between