金属轧制.ppt

Ring-Rolling 环轧 Figure 13.14 (a) Schematic illustration of a ring-rolling operation. Thickness reduction results in an increase in the part diameter. (b) Examples of cross-sections that can be formed by ring rolling. Thread-Rolling 螺纹滚压 Figure 13.16 (a) Features of a machined or rolled thread. (b) Grain flow in machined and rolled threads. Unlike machining, which cuts through the grains of the metal, the rolling of threads causes improved strength, because of cold working and favorable grain flow. Figure 13.15 Thread-rolling processes: (a) and (c) reciprocating flat dies; (b) two-roller dies. Threaded fasteners, such as bolts, are made economically by these processes, at high rates of production. PRODUCIION OF SEAMLESS PIPE AND TUBING Rotary tube piercing is a hot-working process for making long, thick-walled seamless pipe and tubing (Fig. 13.17). It is based on the principle that when a round bar is subjected to radial compressive forces, tensile stresses develop at the center of the bar. (See Fig. 2.11.) When it is subsequently subjected to cyclic compressive stresses (Fig. 13.17b), a cavity begins to form at the center of the bar. This phenomenon can be demonstrated with a short piece of round eraser, by rolling it back and forth on a hard flat surface, as shown in Fig. 13.17b. Mannesmann Process Figure 13.17 Cavity formation in a solid round bar and its utilization in the rotary tube piercing process for making seamless pipe and tubing. (The Mannesmann mill was developed in the 1880s.) Tube-Rolling Figure 13.18 Schematic illustration of various tube-rolling processes: (a) with fixed mandrel; (b) with moving mandrel; (c) without mandrel; and (d) pilger rolling over a mandrel and a pair of shaped rolls. Tube diameters and thicknesses can also be changed by other processes, such as drawing, extrusion, and spinning. MECHANICS OF ROLLING A N C Vo Vf Vr t a R L hf ho S R Dh/2 D E SLAB APPROXIMATION One can look upon the workpiece in contact as shown: Plane