国经资料无选择题.docVIP

国贸名词解释 Opportunity cost theory (机会成本理论)：The theory that the cost of a commodity is the amount of a second commodity that must be given up to release just enough resources to produce one more unit of the first commodity. Production possibility frontier (生产可能性曲线)：A curve showing the various alternative combinations of two commodities that a nation can produce by fully utilizing all of its resources with the best technology available to it . Marginal rate of transformation (边际转换率)： The amount of one commodity that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of another commodity .The is another name for the opportunity cost of a commodity and is given by the slope of the production frontier at the point of production. Community indifference curve (社会无差异性曲线)：The curve that shows the various combinations of two commodities yielding equal satisfaction to the community or nation .Community indifference curves are negatively sloped, convex from origin ,and should not cross. Terms of trade (贸易条件):The ratio of the index price of a nation’s export to its import commodities. Equilibrium-commodity price with trade (贸易均衡的相对商品价格): The common relative commodity price in two nations at which trade is balanced. Offer curves (提供曲线)：A curve that shows how much of its import commodity a nation demands to be willing to supply various amount of its export commodity ,or the willingness of the nation to import and export at various relative commodity prices. The Heckscher-Ohlin theorem (赫克歇尔-俄林原理)：The part of the Heckscher-Ochlin theory that postulates that a nation will export the commodity intensive in its relatively abundant and cheap factor and import the commodity intensive in its relatively scarce and expensive factor. 问答题 P16 2. What was the basis for and the pattern of trade according to Adam Smith ? How were gains from trade generated ? What policies did Smith advocate in international trade? What did he think was the proper function of government in the econom