《计算机网络——自顶向下方法与Internet特色》幻灯片Lecture22.pptVIP

Chapter 2: Application layer 2.1 Principles of network applications 2.2 Web and HTTP 2.3 FTP 2.4 Electronic Mail SMTP, POP3, IMAP 2.5 DNS 2.6 Socket programming with TCP 2.3 FTP: the file transfer protocol transfer file to/from remote host client/server model client: side that initiates transfer (either to/from remote) server: remote host ftp: RFC 959 ftp server: port 21 2.3.1 FTP: separate control, data connectionsFTP uses two parallel TCP protocols to transfer a file FTP client contacts FTP server at port 21, specifying TCP as transport protocol Client obtains authorization over control connection Client browses remote directory by sending commands over control connection. When server receives a command for a file transfer, the server opens a TCP data connection to client After transferring one file, server closes connection. 2.3.2 FTP commands, responses Sample commands: sent as ASCII text over control channel USER username PASS password LIST return list of file in current directory RETR filename retrieves (gets) file STOR filename stores (puts) file onto remote host Sample return codes status code and phrase (as in HTTP) 331 Username OK, password required 125 data connection already open; transfer starting 425 Can’t open data connection 452 Error writing file Chapter 2: Application layer 2.1 Principles of network applications 2.2 Web and HTTP 2.3 FTP 2.4 Electronic Mail SMTP, POP3, IMAP 2.5 DNS 2.6 Socket programming with TCP 2.4 Electronic Mail Three major components: user agents mail servers simple mail transfer protocol: SMTP User Agent a.k.a. “mail reader” composing, editing, reading mail messages e.g., Eudora, Outlook, Foxmail, Netscape Messenger outgoing, incoming messages stored on server 2.4.1 Electronic Mail: mail servers Mail Servers mailbox contains incoming messages for user message queue of outgoing (to be sent) mail messages SMTP protocol between mail servers to send email messages (two sides) client: sending mail server “server”: receiving