国际物理林匹克竞赛试题Theoretical_Exam_Solution_2_English.docVIP

Solution- Theoretical Question 2 A Piezoelectric Crystal Resonator under an Alternating Voltage Part A Refer to Figure A1. The left face of the rod moves a distance v?t while the pressure wave travels a distance u?t with. The strain at the left face is (A1a)* From Hooke’s law, the pressure at the left face is (A1b)* (b) The velocity v is related to the displacement ? as in a simple harmonic motion (or a uniform circular motion, as shown in Figure A2) of angular frequency . Therefore, if, then . (A2)* The strain and pressure are related to velocity as in Problem (a). Hence, (A3)* (A4)* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alternatively, the answers may be obtained by differentiations: , , . ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Part B (c) Since the angular frequency ? and speed of propagation u are given, the wavelength is given by ??= 2? / k with k = ? / u. The spatial variation of the displacement ? is therefore described by (B1) Since the centers of the electrodes are assumed to be stationary, g(b/2) = 0. This leads to B2 = 0. Given that the maximum of g(x) is 1, we have A = ±1 and (B2)* Thus, the displacement is (B3) (d) Since the pressure p (or stress T) must vanish at the end faces of the quartz slab (i.e., x = 0 and x = b), the answer to this problem can be obtained, by analogy, from the resonant frequencies of sound waves in an open pipe of length b. However, given that the centers of the electrodes are stationary, all even harmonics of the fundamental tone must be excluded because they have antinodes, rather than nodes, of displacement at the bisection plane of the slab. Since the fundamental tone has a wavelength ??= 2b, the fundamental frequency is given by. The speed of propagat