2013化学专业英语1.ppt

化合物的英文命名 一 无机物的命名 (Inorganic compounds)1 元素与单质的命名 “元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又是单质的名称。 An element is a pure substance which is made up of only one kind of atoms. The smallest particle of an element is the atom. An element cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any physical or chemical process. Remember:- However, in nuclear reactions, elements having high atomic mass can be split into lighter elements. Elements can be divided into two groups, namely, naturally occurring and artificially prepared. There are ninety naturally occurring elements. Three hundred years ago the scientists all over the world knew only twelve elements but today they know many more. About 14 elements have been artificially prepared in the laboratories. These artificially prepared elements, however, have a very short life, as they break up into more stable lighter elements. Elements can be broadly divided into 4 categories: Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids and Noble Gases. Metalloids are the elements, which have properties that lie between those of metals and non-metals, e.g., arsenic, antimony, etc. Molecules of elements may consist of single atom, two atoms, or even more. All the hundreds of thousands of compounds existing, and produced by man, are formed as a result of combination of two or more of these elements in fixed proportion. Remember:- Noble gases, some metals, carbon, silicon etc. have only one atom in their molecules. These are called monatomic molecules. Some elements have two atoms in their molecules. These are called diatomic molecules e.g. hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), chlorine (Cl2), etc. Those elements that have more than two atoms in their molecules are said to be polyatomic. For e.g., a molecule of phosphorus consists of four atoms (P4), and that of sulphur contains eight atoms (S8). Most of the elements are solids, while eleven of them