专业英语15.doc

1. Metals and Their Use Vocabulary: engineering [?????????????] 工程学 metal [?????] 金属 element [????????] 元素 alloy [?????] 合金iron [?????] 铁 carbon [???????] 碳 ferrous [??????] 含铁的 nonferrous [??????????] 不含铁的 copper [?????] 铜 aluminum [???????????] 铝 lead [????] 铅 zinc [????] 锌 tin [???] 锡 property [????????] 性质 pure [????] 纯的plasticity [???????????] 塑性 ore [??] 矿石 mineral [????????] 矿物 impurity [???????????] 杂质 metallurgy [??????????] 冶金 construction [????????????] 结构 combine [????????] 结合 strength [??????] 强度 hardness [????????] 硬度 etc = et cetra 等等, 及其他 atom [?????] 原子 ion [?????] 离子 malleable [????????] 有延展性的, 可锻的 gallium [???????] 镓 cesium [????????] 铯 mercury [?????????] 水银, 汞 rubidium [??????????] 铷[??????] 充电 metallic [????????] 金属(性)的 account for 说明 Appending: 1. Melting Gallium Gallium metal has a melting point of 30°C, which is lower than our body temperature. In this photo, a sample of gallium melts in a person’s hand. Gallium, mercury, cesium, and rubidium are the only metal elements that melt near room temperature. 2. Silver Silver, a typical metal, consists of a regular array of silver atoms that have each lost an electron to form a silver ion. The negatively charged electrons distribute themselves throughout the entire piece of metal and form nondirectional bonds between the positive silver ions. This arrangement, known as metallic bonding, accounts for the characteristic properties of metals: they are good electrical conductors because the electrons are free to move from one place to another, and they are malleable because the positive ions are held together by nondirectional forces. A force applied to a malleable substance shifts the positions of the atoms without 2. Plastics and Other Materials Vocabulary: plastic [????????] 塑料 preferable [??????????] 更好的 traditional [??????????] 传统的 material [??????????] 原料 comparison [??????????] 比较 corrode [???????] 腐蚀 inorganic [???????????] 无机的 sulphuric [???????????] 硫磺的 hydrochloric [????????????????] 盐酸的