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General Laws of BlackHole Dynamics
General laws of black-hole dynamics
Sean A. Hayward
Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Astrophysik
Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 1
85740 Garching bei M¨unchen
Germany
Faculty of Mathematical Studies
4 University of Southampton
9 Southampton SO9 5NH
9
1 United Kingdom
y Current address:
a
M Department of Physics
Kyoto University
5 Kyoto 606-01
2
Japan
3
v
6 Revised 6th April 1994
0
0
3 Abstract. A general definition of a black hole is given, and general ‘laws of black-hole
0 dynamics’ derived. The definition involves something similar to an apparent horizon, a
3 trapping horizon, defined as a hypersurface foliated by marginal surfaces of one of four
9
/ non-degenerate types, described as future or past, and outer or inner. If the boundary
c
q of an inextendible trapped region is suitably regular, then it is a (possibly degenerate)
r- trapping horizon. The future outer trapping horizon provides the definition of a black
g hole. Outer marginal surfaces have spherical or planar topology. Trapping horizons are
:
v null only in the instantaneously stationary case, and otherwise outer trapping horizons are
i
X spatial and inner trapping ho
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