北京师范大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析.pdfVIP

中国考博辅导首选学校 北京师范大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析 Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points — periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings,what constitutes admissible and adequate proof. Anyonewho has followedrecenthistorical literaturecan testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currentlyfashionable subjectscome directlyfrom the sociologyGeng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen t j q jie x qing lian x quan guo mian fe z xun dian hua: s ling ling liu liuba liu jiu q ba,huojiaz xunqq:q q erliuq bawu sanq catalog:childhood, work, leisure.Thenew subjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?”and “How did ithappen?”have givenway to the question “Why did ithappen?”Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when theywere appropriateandwhen therewas sufficientevidencefor them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend.They are committed, not just to psychology ingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludes 中国考博辅导首选学校 a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts” not from history, the detailed records of eventsand their consequences,but frompsychoanalysis of the individualswho made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance intheir lives,but from a view of human nature that transcendshistory. Itdenies