环境执法中公众参和法律问题研究.pdf

内容摘要 环境执法中公众参与是指在环境执法工作中引入公众参与，事前对环境违法行为进 行举报，事中在环境执法过程中进行参与，事后对环境执法结果进行监督的法律行为。 根据环境正义理论、公共治理理论、“市场失灵”及“政府失灵”理论对于公众参与环 境管理的阐释和分析，在环境执法中引入公众参与是促进环境执法公平公正全面及时的 重要手段，是对违法执法行为进行监督的重要措施，是转变政府职能的必然要求，是环 境保护行政管理体制改革的必然趋势。 纵观我国环境执法中有关公众参与的立法和实践现状，可以看出，我国的公众参与 环境执法主要存在环境执法启动机制中公众参与不充分、环境执法过程中听证制度有待 完善、环境执法结果缺乏公众有效监督等不足。 域外国家如美国、日本、英国、德国等都制定了具有典型性的公众参与环境执法的 法律和政策。这些国家在环境执法信息公开、环境行政听证制度、环保社团对环境执法 的监督、公众参与环境执法的激励机制等方面都给我国提供了很好的借鉴。 为了完善我国环境执法中公众参与的相关法律问题，建议在环境执法启动机制中健 全公众参与的途径和平台，在环境执法过程中完善公众参与的程序和形式，在环境执法 后加强公众监督，并建立环境执法全过程的公众参与奖励机制。 关键词：环境执法；公众参与；奖励机制 1 Abstract Public participation in environmental law enforcement refers to the introduction of public participation in the enforcement work, including reporting environmental illegal activities, participating in the environmental law enforcement process and the legal act of supervising the result of the environmental law enforcement. According to the interpretation and analysis of public participation in environmental management though the environmental justice theory, public governa nce theory, market failure theory and government failure theory, to introduce public participation into environmental law enforcement is an important means of boosting the environmental law enforcement more to become more fair, more impartial and more efficient, is one of the important measures to supervise illegal enforcement behavior, is the inevitable requirement of the government function transformation and it is also an inevitable trend of environmental protection administration system reform. Throughout the legislation and practice situation of public participation in environmental law enforcement, we