《ladder-of-citizen-participation_en》.pdfVIP

A Ladder of Citizen Participation - Sherry R Arnstein Originally published as Arnstein, Sherry R. A Ladder of Citizen Participation, JA P, Vol. 35, No. 4, July 1969, pp. 216-224. do not claim any copyrights. Webmasters comment, November 2004. The following article is quite old, but never-the-less of great value to anyone interested in issues of citizen participation. The concepts discussed in this article about 1960s America are still mostly unknown by people around the world. Many planners, architects, politicians, bosses, proj ect leaders and power-holder still dress all variety of manipulations up as participation in the process, citizen consultation and other shades of technobable. This article was reprinted in The City Reader (second edition) edited by Richard T. Gates and Frederic Stout, 1996, Routledge Press. Their editors introduction is well worth reading. Please copy and re-distribute this article. Lets work to help people understand the difference between citizen control and manipulation. f youre reading this then assume you are interested in empowering people to take charge of their lives and their surrounding. salute you for this work. Enjoy. 1. Citizen participation is Figure 1. French student p oster. In English, I participate, y ou citizen power pa rticipate, he participates, we p articipate, you p articipate...they p rofit. Because the question has been a bone of political contention, most of the answers have been purposely buried in innocuous euphemisms like self-help or citizen involvement. Still others have been embellished with misleading r