《lesson 15 - anova》.pdf

Lesson 15 ANOVA (analysis of variance) Outline Variability -between group variability -within group variability -total variability -F-ratio Computation -sums of squares (between/within/total) -degrees of freedom (between/within/total) -mean square (between/within) -F (ratio of between to within) Example Problem Note: The formulas detailed here vary a great deal from the text. I suggest using the notation I have outlined here since it will coincide more with what we have already done, but you might look at the text version as well. Use whatever method you find easiest to understand. Variability Please read about this topic on the web page by locating the ANOVA demonstration or you can click here: /dwallace/sanova.html Between group variability and within group variability are both components of the total variability in the combined distributions. What we are doing when we compute between and within variability is to partition the total variability into the between and within components. So: Between variability + within variability = total variability Hypothesis Testing Again, with ANOVA we are testing hypotheses that involve comparisons of two or more populations. The overall test, however, will indicate a difference between any of the groups. Thus, the test will not specify which two, or if some or all of the groups differ. Instead, we will conduct a separate test to determine which specific means differ. Because of this fact the research hypothesis will state simply that “at least two of the means differ.” The null will still state that there are no significant differences between any of the groups (insert as many “mu’s” as you have groups). H0 : µ =µ =µ 1 2 3 Critical values are found using the F-table in your book. The table is discussed in the example be