工业发展与城市变化明中叶至清中叶的苏州上.pdf

200 1 年 8 月 清史研究 Aug. 200 1 　第 3 期 Studies in Qing History 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　No 3 　 社会经济 工业发展与城市变化 : ( ) 明中叶至清中叶的苏州 上 李伯重 [摘要] 在明中叶至清中叶的三个世纪中 , 苏州城市有显著扩大 。这个扩大同时表现为城市地域范围的扩展 与城市人口的增加 。苏州城市变化的主要趋势 , 是城市从府城内扩大到城厢附郭和郊区市镇 , 从而形成一个以 府城为中心 、以郊区市镇为 “卫星城市”的特大城市 。苏州城市变化的主要动力来 自城市工业的发展 。城市工 业的发展 , 并非单纯的府城工业向外转移 , 而是在比较优势的基础上形成的合理的地域分工 。经过这三个世纪 的发展 , 到了清代中期 , 城市工业在苏州经济中已经居于主导地位 。苏州的城市变化代表了明清中国城市发展 的一种新道路 , 亦即傅衣凌先生所说的 “苏杭型”城市的发展道路 。 [ 关键词] 工业 　城市 　明清 　苏州 [ 中图分类号] K248 　 [文献标识码] A 　 [文章编号] 1002 - 8587 (200 1) 03 - 0009 - 14 Industrial Growth and Urban Development in the City of Suzhou ( 1550 - 1850) The city of Suzhou exp anded rapidly from 1550 to 1850 , in terms of bot h urban area and population . The most im portant manifestation of t his growt h was t he extension of t he urban area beyond t he city walls of t he prefectural capital to include t he suburban towns. As a result , Suzhou develop ed into a “sup er city ”wit h t he prefectural seat as it s core and suburban towns as it s satellites. This dynamic growt h was attributable to urban industrial develop ment . The spread of in dustry was not simply t he movement of industry from t he walled area of t he city to t he suburbs ; rat her it represented a ra tional distribution of industry based comp arative advantages of regional sp ecialization and division of labor . After t hree cen turies of develop ment , urban industry had become t he leading sector of t he Suzhou economy by t he mid - Qing. Suzhou ’ s develop ment represented a new p at h in pre - modern Chinese urbanizatio