《丘成桐大学生数学竞赛数学专业大纲(英汉对照版)》.pdf

以下所有内容均为个人翻译，非官方翻译版本（暂无），仅供参考。 S ．T ．YAU College Student Mathematics Contests Algebra, Number Theory and Combinatorics (second draft) 代数、数论和组合（修改稿） Linear Algebra Abstract vector spaces; subspaces; dimension; matrices and linear transformations; matrix algebras and groups; determinants and traces; eigenvectors and eigenvalues, characteristic and minimal polynomials; diagonalization and triangularization of operators ; invariant subspaces and canonical forms; inner products and orthogonal bases; reduction of quadratic forms; hermitian and unitary operators, bilinear forms; dual spaces; adjoints. tensor products and tensor algebras; 线性代数 抽象向量空间；子空间；维度；矩阵和线性变换；矩阵代数和群；行列式和迹；特 征向量和特征值；特征多项式和最小多项式；对角化和三角化；不变子空间和典范 形式；内积和正交基；二次型的化简；埃尔米特算子和酉算子；双线性型；对偶空 间；伴随矩阵，张量积和张量代数； Integers and polynomials Integers, Euclidean algorithm, unique decomposition; congruence and the Chinese Remainder theorem; Quadratic reciprocity ; Indeterminate Equations. Polynomials, Euclidean algorithm, uniqueness decomposition, zeros; The fundamental theorem of algebra; Polynomials of integer coefficients, the Gauss lemma and the Eisenstein criterion; Polynomials of several variables, homogenous and symmetric polynomials, the fundamental theorem of symmetric polynomials. 整数和多项式 整数，欧几里得算法，唯一分解；同余和中国剩余定理；二次互反性；不定方程. 多项式，欧几里得算法，唯一分解，零点；代数基本定理；整系数多项式，高斯引 理和爱森斯坦判别法；多元多项式，齐次多项式和对称多项式；对称多项式基本定 理. Group Groups and homomorphisms, Sylow theorem, finitely generated abelian groups. Examples: permutation groups, cyclic groups, dihedral groups, matrix groups, simple groups, Jordan-Holder theorem, linear groups (GL(n, F) and its subgroups), p-groups, solvable and nilpotent groups, group extensions, semi-direct products, free groups, amalgamated products and group presentations. 群 群和同态，西罗定理，有限生成阿贝尔群.例子：置换群、循环群、二面体群、矩阵 群、单群、若尔当-赫尔德定理、线性群（GL