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Chapter 2
Bionic (Nano) Membranes
ˇ ´
Jovan Matovic and Zoran Jaksic
Abstract The goal of this chapter is to offer a concise and clear picture of the most
important artificial nanomembrane-related procedures and technologies, including
those for fabrication and functionalization, and to present the main properties and
potential applications, stressing recent results in the field contributed by the authors.
Nanomembranes are probably the most ubiquitous building block in biology and at
the same time one of the most primordial ones. Every living cell, from bacteria
to the cells in human bodies, has nanomembranes acting as interfaces between
the cytoplasm and its surroundings. All metabolic processes proceed through
nanomembranes and involve their active participation. Functionally, the man-made
nanomembrane strives to mimic this most basic biological unit. The existence of
the life itself is a proof that such a fundamental task can be performed. When
designing artificial nanomembranes, the whole wealth of structures and processes
already enabling and supporting life is at our disposal to recreate, tailor, fine-tune,
and utilize them. In some cases, the obstacles are formidable, but then the potential
rewards are stunning.
There is an additional advantage in bionic approach to nanomembranes: we
do not have to use only the limited toolbox of materials and processes found in
nature. Instead we are free to experiment with enhancements not readily met in
natural structures – for instance, we may utilize nanoparticles of isotopes emitting
ionizing radiation, even at lethal doses. We can introduce additional structures
to our bionic nanomembranes, each carrying its own functionality, for instance
nanoparticles or layers with plasmonic properties (e.g., to be used in sensing
applications), target
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