小麦转基因体系立及耐旱新品系培育.pdf

摘 要 小麦是我国北方重要的粮食作物，其产量高低直接影响我国北方粮食安全和社会经 济发展。近年来国内外不断出现的异常气候，特别是持续干旱和高温少雨，使田间用水 严重缺乏，直接影响了小麦等粮食作物的产量，威胁到人们的正常生活。 利用现代生物学方法获得抗旱性强的作物新品种是保障粮食危机的重要途径 ，目 前针对小麦的转基因研究，国内基因枪法占主导地位，近些年来农杆菌介导法也得到了 发展。转基因技术可以提高小麦烘焙品质，改善小麦颗粒纹理，提高小麦淀粉含量，增 加小麦种子的营养成分，提高小麦抗盐害、干旱和低温等逆境胁迫能力。由于小麦不同 品种基因型差异较大，小麦转基因研究处于探索阶段，主要以提高其遗传再生率为目的。 本实验选用我们实验室研究认定的GPX3 基因构建基因载体，剥取小麦幼胚进行愈 伤组织的培养，首先利用基因枪轰击的方法转染愈伤组织，进行阳性植株的筛选，建立 小麦遗传再生体系，为以后研究经济作物提供条件。小麦的研究受植物生长周期限制很 大，每年需要在特定的时间段内完成相关实验，本实验又借鉴农杆菌介导法方法进行小 麦遗传转化体系建立，相比基因枪法，农杆菌介导法在实验时间上更为自由，每年除特 定时间使用基因枪法转化小麦幼胚外，其他时间可采用农杆菌介导法。 关键词：干旱，小麦，GPX3 基因，转基因 IV ABSTRACT Wheat is the most important food crop in northern China, its production affects the national food safty and andeconomy development directly in the north. In recent years, various abnormal climate, such as continuous dry climate, dry heat, serious losing of fresh water, cracked land and no water for irrigating appear to threaten people’s normal life in China and other countries. To be in common use all over the world today, transgenic method is a non-normal way to obtain experimental plants. Using the transgenic method, we can achive our aims by transfering target gene into animals and plants. In China, gene gun-method plays an important part in transgenic plants compared with agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated method, which developed rapidly in the past few years. It will have high baking quality, proper grain texture, high starch biosynthesis and improve the abilities for abiotic strss, such as salinity, drought, cold et al. The main purpose of transgenic wheat is to raise the percentage of the genetic regeneration rate. In this study, we try to obtain transgenic wheat which contain Dought-resistant gene GPX3 by gene-gun method, , and to build a genetic trans