FDI 竞争下的地方政府环境规制逐底竞赛.pdfVIP

FDI竞争下的地方政府环境规制“逐底竞赛”存在么？  —— 来自中国地级城市的空间计量实证 朱平芳 张征宇 （上海社会科学院数量经济研究中心） 内容提要：本文基于地方政府经济分权的视角，以环境规制强度不可直接观测与地方政府环境决策的竞争性选择为 出发点，说明并检验FDI 竞争下中国地级城市政府环境规制是否存在“逐底竞赛”的事实。本文把该问题纳入一类 空间自回归计量模型的分析框架中。与已有文献不同，本文通过同时检验环境决策外溢效应与环境规制强度对 FDI 作用的方向来判别这一事实的存在。在选取2007 年中国263 个地级城市组成的截面数据并在考虑了地区差异带来的 参数异质性之后，本文运用工具变量分位数回归方法对模型进行了估计。结果表明：中国的地级市政府在制定环保 政策时易受到其同省内相邻地区的影响；环境因素对国内高水平 FDI 的城市几乎无影响，而环境规制“逐底竞赛” 的事实在中高水平FDI 的城市显著存在。由于低水平FDI 的城市间环境决策具有相对独立性，这些城市为吸引FDI 竞相降低环境标准的事实在严格意义上并不成立。 关键词：外商直接投资；环境规制；空间自回归模型；分位点估计 Does Environmental “Race-to-the-bottom” Exist for Competing FDI among Local Governments?—Evidence from Municipalities across China based on Spatial Econometric model Abstract ：From the perspective of decentralization, we show that testing the hypothesis of environmental “race-to-the-bottom” in FDI competition can be analyzed in a spatial autoregressive model by accounting for both unobservable stringency level and strategic interaction among local governments. We use the cross sectional data consisting of 263 municipalities in China in 2007 and estimate the model via IVQR method in account for parameter inconstancy from unobservable individual heterogeneity. The empirical results reveal that in China, for the municipalities with highest FDI level, the environmental factor is irrelevant in competition for capitals while the effect does exist for those municipalities with medium level FDI. Since strategic environmental policymaking has not been significantly observed with the municipalities with low FDI level, it may not be the case in a strict sense that they race against each other to the bottom of environmental standard for more FDI. Keywords ：FDI, Environmental regulation, Spatial autoregres