塔里木河流域生态环境问题及其影响因素.docVIP

2013届毕业论文 塔里木河流域生态环境问题及影响因素 学生姓名 x x x 学 号 .................. 学 院 水利与建筑工程学院 专 业 农业水利工程 班 级 ............... 指导教师 ........... 日 期 2013年5月20日 塔里木大学教务处制 摘 要 本文主要从水环境退化、土壤盐渍化、土地沙漠化三个方面分析塔里木河流域的生态环境问题。水环境退化主要表现在：水质在时空上存在明显的差异；河流年径流量呈减少趋势；河流干涸严重；河流中上游的耗水量最大。土壤盐渍化主要表现在：盐渍化面积在不断的扩大，土地盐渍化的面积占可利用面的比率较高，耕地盐渍化面积占耕地面积的比率更高，同时后备耕地中盐渍化土地面积占据相当大的比例。土地沙漠化主要表现在：该流域土地沙漠化本身严重，近些年来，沙漠化的速度在持续发展。塔里木河流生态环境问题的影响因素是多方面的，主要分为人为因素和自然因素，自然环境为生态问题的出现创造了潜在条件，人为的不合理利用让这些问题得以发生、发展及加速发展。 关键词 塔里木河；生态环境；影响因素 Abstract This article from the degradation of water, soil salinization, desertification three aspects of ecological and environmental problems of the Tarim River Basin. Degradation of water: water quality there are significant differences in time and space; river annual runoff decreasing trend; the river dried serious; rivers upstream water consumption. Soil salinization in: salinization area continued to expand the area of land salinization account for a higher ratio of available surface area of arable land salinization account for a higher ratio of arable land, a reserve of arable land in the salt stains land area accounts for a significant proportion. The land desertification performance: the watershed land desertification serious in recent years, the speed of desertification in sustainable development. The impact of ecological and environmental problems of the Tarim River by many factors, mainly divided into human and natural factors, the natural environment for the emergence of the ecological problems created potential conditions, by irrational use for these problems to occur, development and accelerate development. Key words tarim river; ecological environment; influence factors 目 录 前言 1 塔里木河流域状况........................................................1 1.1 地理位置.................................................................1 1.2 塔里木河水系....................................