新高电压技术 教学课件 吴广宁 2.3.pptVIP

树枝化的位置是随机的，即树枝引发于介质中各个高场强的点，例如粗糙或不规则的电极表面或介质内部的间隙、杂质等处。 The branches location is random, namely branches is triggered at the points with high field, such as the rough or irregular electrode surface and the gap or impurities in the medium. 在电场作用下，固体介质的击穿可分为电击穿、热击穿和不均匀电介质的击穿。 Under electric field, the solid medium breakdown can be divided to electrical breakdown, thermal breakdown and breakdown of Inhomogeneous dielectric. 小 结  Summary 由于实际固体介质击穿还伴随有机械的、热的、化学的等复杂过程，因而至今还没有建立起可以满意地解释所有击穿现象的理论。 Because of the complicated process of mechanical, thermal and chemical together, it still have not established a satisfactory theory that could explain all the breakdown phenomenon so far. 实际电气设备中的固体介质击穿过程是错综复杂的，常取决于介质本身的特性、绝缘结构形式和电场均匀性。 The breaking process of solid medium in actual electrical equipment is complicated, determined by their characteristics, insulation structure form and the electric field uniformity. 在环境温度不高时， ， ，可得热击穿临界场强为 When environmental temperature is not high, , we can get the critical field intensity of thermal breakdown as 此式给出了击穿场强与击穿时间的关系。 It shows the relationship between critical field intensity and time of thermal breakdown. (2-39) （2）稳态热击穿 The steady-state thermal breakdown 热击穿临界电压为 The critical voltage of thermal breakdown 如环境温度不高时， ， ，上式积分可近似为 If the environmental temperature is not high, , , the integral previous is (2-40) (2-41) 2.3.2 固体电介质的电击穿 2.3.2 The electrical breakdown of solid dielectric 希伯尔（Hippel）和弗罗利希（Frohlich）在固体物理的基础上用量子力学为工具逐步发展建立了固体电介质电击穿的碰撞电离理论。 On the basis of solid state physics Hippel and Frohlich using the quantum mechanics as a tool make a progressive development and gradually establish the impact ionization theory about electrical breakdown of solid dielectric. 在强电场下固体导带中可能因场致发射或热发射而存在一些导电电子，这些电子在外电场作用下被加速获得动能。 Under strong field there may be some electronic conductivity