补充阅读unit2.pptVIP

Unit 2 Text A: An observation and an explanation The Naked Ape: A Zoologists Study of the Human Animal is a 1967 book by Desmond Morris which looks at humans as a species and compares them to other animals. The Human Zoo, a follow-up book by Desmond Morris which examined the behavior of people in cities, was published in 1969. 在書裡，他把人類當作一種物種，亦即「裸猿」來看待。透過把「裸猿」與其他品種的動物比較，來討論人類的種種行為。本書認為：人類的大多數獨特行為都是因為生活所需而演化出來的，為要應付生活的挑戰。 《裸猿》是一本惊世骇俗的学术专著，作者是英国著名动物学家、人类行为学家，他把人类称为“裸猿”作为动物来研究，其中众多内容、尤其是对人类性行为的大胆直率的研究引起巨大争议，曾被许多国家列为禁书。但其坦率的观点、大量事实、通俗的语言使其成为全球畅销书，发行量超过了1000万册，上个世纪80年代中期，该书的删节本在中国内地出版，曾经风靡了好几年。 Desmond Morris 德斯蒙德·莫里斯，英国著名动物学家和人类行为学家，1928年出生于韦尔特郡，1954年获牛津大学博士学位，曾任伦敦动物园影像资料部主管和英国运动学会哺乳类动物部主任等职，自1967年起以其丰富的动物学知识开始研究人类行为，并写有一系列使他扬名世界的人类行为学专著。除本书外，他的同类著作还有《人类动物园》、《亲密行为》、《人类行为观察》和《人体观察》等。 Video clip TED: Elaine Morgan says we evolved from aquatic apes /talks/lang/eng/elaine_morgan_says_we_evolved_from_aquatic_apes.html Para 1. It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. 搁下婴儿喂养的问题之后，母亲在其它时候养育婴儿的行为中，还有一二点值得考察一下。通常对婴儿的爱抚、搂抱和清洗毋庸赘言，但是母亲怀抱婴儿的位置却非常说明问题。 Careful American studies have disclosed the fact that 80 per cent of mothers cradle their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. 美国人的精心研究表明，80％的母亲用左臂抱婴儿，将婴儿贴在胸部左侧。如果要问这一选择有何意义，大多数人会说，显然是因为美国人多半习惯用右手；母亲左手抱孩子，可以腾出更为灵巧的右手来做事。 But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females, but not enough to provide an adequate explanation. It emerges th