中微子物理实验前期研究及准备工作-DayaBayReactorNeutrino.pptVIP

Detecting Supernova Neutrinos X.-H. Guo Beijing Normal University Contents I. SN neutrinos’ production and propagation II. Detection of SN neutrinos at neutrino experiments III. Possible information on small ?13 from detection of SN neutrinos I. SN neutrinos’ production and propagation Supernova explosion: natural laboratory to study fundamental issues of physics and astrophysics. Explosion mechanism is not understood completely. Two types of SN explosion. Type I: without lines of hydrogen; Type II: with strong lines of hydrogen. Type I: Usually a white dwarf (mainly C and O) accretes material from a companion star. Energy is from thermonuclear reactions. Gives out gigantic firework display ? Disruption of the dwarf. Type II: Energy from gravitational core collapse (Zwicky Baade, 1934) when the star mass is bigger than 8 solar masses. Inner part of star collapses to neutron star or black hole. Intensive neutrinos are emitted for a very short period of time followed by an intensive electromagnetic radiation. Observation SN neutrinos can serve as an early warning for the optical emission of a type II SN. SN neutrinos have valuable information of deep inside the core; can be helpful to study of intrinsic properties of neutrinos. Total energy release: approximately gravitational binding energy of the core. Neutrinos take away about 99% of the total energy. Core collapse process While evolving, stars get energy from burning hydrogen to helium. Then heavier helium settles to the core of the star. Towards the end of hydrogen burning, gravitational contraction heats up the core ? helium burning to Carbon. Heavier carbon settles to center of core, H and He floating above it. Similar processes repeat, carbon ? neon ? oxygen ? silicon ? iron (most stable nucleus). When iron core grows to exceed Chandrasekhar mass, degenerate electron Fermi pressure fails to support gravitational pull of core, electron capture on Fe nuclei occurs predominantly via 56F