Episode229Stress-straingraphs-TeachingAdvanced.docVIP

Episode 229: Stress-strain graphs A stress-strain graph includes a great deal of information about a material. Your students may need to learn to extract this information, and to compare one material with another by comparing their graphs. Summary Discussion: Interpreting stress-strain graphs. (15 minutes) Student questions: On s-s graphs. (30 minutes) Discussion: Energy stored in a stretched material. (20 minutes) Student activity: Calculating energy stored. (15 minutes) Discussion: Correct terminology. (20 minutes) Discussion: Interpreting stress-strain graphs So far, we have considered elastic behaviour, as characterised by stiffness and the Young modulus. Now we go on to plastic behaviour and fracture (breaking). Show a selection of stress-strain graphs and discuss various examples to show how different materials behave, and to identify yield point, breaking stress. Your syllabus may refer to three different measures of the strength of a material: yield stress: the stress at the yield point. breaking stress: the stress at fracture (the end of the graph). ultimate tensile stress: the maximum stress withstood by a material (the highest point on the graph). Student questions: On s-s graphs Graphs for five different materials, for interpretation. TAP 229-1: Analysis of tensile testing experiments Discussion: Energy stored in a stretched material The stress-strain graph can tell you about the energy stored in a stretched wire. Work is done on the sample as it is stretched. When under tension, this energy is stored as strain energy. When the load is released, this energy can be recovered (100% if elastic behaviour, less than 100% if plastic behaviour, or if the sample shows hysteresis, i.e. it returns to its original shape, but does not follow the same load extension graph when being unloaded). Work done = force ( distance = load ( extension = area under a load-extension graph This result is valid for any shape of force extension graph. For Hookean materials the area