《地震震源的谱理论.》.pdf

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 1133-1144. June 1973 THE SPECTRAL THEORY OF SEISMIC SOURCES BY M. J. RANDALL ABSTRACT The far-field results of Brunes spectral theory are shown to be largely indepen- dent of his source model; this implies that the theory has even greater power than it seemed, but that its success in explaining the observed spectra does not in itself justify a dislocation model. Expressions are derived for seismic energy and characteristic stress which are independent of assumptions as to source model. For several models, the characteristic stress is found to be a good approximation to the stress-drop. A theoretical relationship between earthquake magnitude ML, stress-drop, and fault size is derived. This provides a means of estimating the stress-drop for earth- quakes associated with aftershock sequences, using estimates of ML and fault size, and is consistent with empirical relationships between magnitude and fault size, and between seismic energy and magnitude. INTRODUCTION Since the seminal work of Brune (1970), there has been a veritable explosion of papers on the seismic spectrum and its relationship to source size, seismic moment, and stress- drop. This bears convincing testimony to the power of his theory. Observations of spectra consistent with it have been reported for microearthquakes with very low stress-drops (Douglas and Ryall, 1972)and high stress-drops (Tucker and Brune, 1973), as well as for large earthquakes (Hanks and