《第5课：第一性原理计算.》.pdf

问题与手段 《Physics World》 2012/10/19 Friday PKU· Beijing · Fall. 2012 3 2012/10/19 Friday PKU· Beijing · Fall. 2012 4 New physics can arise as the linear device sizes width become smaller and smaller. Nano-electronics length 2012/10/19 Friday PKU· Beijing · Fall. 2012 5 How small are transistors now ? 1960 :L  10m Field Effect Transistor (FET) 2000 :L  0.1m 2003 :L  0.06m About 300 atoms long! Q: how do we describe current flow in such small systems? S. Datta, Nanotechnology, 15, S433 (2004) 2012/10/19 Friday PKU· Beijing · Fall. 2012 6 State-of-art micro-electronics modeling: • SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) software accepts a circuit schematic as input, and outputs the simulated circuit behaviors. To do this, we need to know how individual devices work. I D    VD         Device     I S parameters VS      I G   VG Obtain these parameters empirically: send designs to Taiwan semiconductor foundry or similar foundries; make many devices; do measurements; extract parameters. This process will become very difficult and expensive in nano-scale. Ultimately, one needs a complete atomic scale modeling of entire semiconductor nano-scale device system. 2012/10/19 Friday PKU· Beijing · Fall. 2012