短波接收机前端干扰噪声自适应对消研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 目前，短波通信在舰船等军事领域得到了广泛的应用。随着信息化的发展， 通信需求量也越来越大，在舰船等水面载体上有时就会有多个短波发射机和接 收机同时工作，虽然采取了很多优化手段去安装这些天线，但是由于接收天线 都是宽带全向天线，造成近距离的高功率发射机发射的信号不可避免的进入到 接收天线当中，这种对接收机而言的干扰信号有时会非常强烈，测试结果表明， 在接收天线处最多可以接收到高达10W 的干扰信号。这种强烈的干扰往往会导 致接收机阻塞，使接收机无法正常工作甚至损坏。 为了解决上述问题，根据当前可得的电子元器件，本文提出了数字与模拟 相结合的自适应对消方案。通过对发射天线耦合过来的参考信号进行采样，转 换为数字信号后输入信号处理器中经调幅调相处理，再经过 DAC 转换并放大 后和接收机接收干扰信号相抵消，抵消残留信号再采样转换为数字信号后输入 到信号处理器中调整调幅调相的权值，重复上述过程，形成模拟和数字相结合 的自适应干扰抵消，最终使干扰噪声得到了衰减。 按照上述解决方案，本文利用Xilinx 公司的FPGA 开发板为信号处理单元， 结合并分别使用高速模数和数模转换芯片ADS822 、DAC900 ，进行了硬件电路 设计，完成了数字电路子板的设计与调试，并以该硬件电路为基础设计了实现 自适应算法的FPGA 程序，通过了仿真和测试。在总结了设计和实现过程中的 有关问题与经验之后，提出了进一步研究和实现的设想与建议。 关键词：短波通信, 强干扰噪声, 自适应对消, LMS，FPGA I Abstract Currently, short-wave communications has been widely applied in many military fields ，such as warships, etc. With the development of information technology, the demand of communications is also growing, so the ships often have a number of transmitters and receivers. Sometimes when a receiver is working, one or more nearby transmitters also are transmitting high-power signal, as the antenna is omni-directional, some signal from the nearby transmitters can received by the receiver, to the receiver these signal are strong interference, the test results showed that the power of the interference received by the antenna can be up to 10 Walt. It can lead to the receiver obstructed or even damage. Therefore to cancel this strong interference is necessary. In order to solve the above problem and based on the currently available electronic components, this paper presents an adaptive cancellation solution based on digital and analog mixed circui