呼吸系统发生Development.pptVIP

消化、呼吸系统发生Development of digestive system and respiratory system 主讲人 苏衍萍 （二）differentiation 分化 前肠foregut 从咽—十二指肠壶腹部、肝胆胰、喉及以下的呼吸道和肺、甲状腺、甲状旁腺、胸腺等。 中肠midgut 从十二指肠壶腹部—横结肠右2/3。 后肠hindgut 从横结肠左1/3—肛管上段。 脏壁中胚层成为结缔组织、肌肉等。 * * 一、原始消化管（primitive gut） （一）formation primitive gut was created by embryonic folding during the fourth week It consists of a blind-ended cranial foregut, a blind-end caudal hindgut, and a midgut Open to the yolk sac through the vitelline 构成：内胚层 +脏壁中胚层 前肠 后肠 中肠 口咽膜 泄殖腔膜 二、development of esophagus 食管的发生 三、development of stomach胃的发生(4-5w) 左上 右下 四、development of gut肠的发生 5周 1．中肠袢形成 midgut loop (6-10w) The growing ileum lengthens much more rapidly than the abdominal cavity itself , and the midgut is therefore thrown into a dorsoventral hairpin fold called the primary intestinal loop(中肠袢). “U” Fig9-9A 袢顶端为卵黄蒂（连于脐部） 头枝cranial limb 尾枝caudal limb 2、生理性脐疝形成，6-10w By the earth sixth week, the continuing elongation of the midgut,combined with the pressure due to the dramatic growth of other abdominal organs,forces the primary intestinal loop to herniate(突出） into the umbilicus. 中肠袢逆时针旋转90度。 It also rotates around the axis of the superior mesenteric artery（肠系膜上动脉） by 90 degrees counterclockwise as viewed from in front, so that the cranial limb moves caudally and to the embryo’s right, and the caudal limb moves cranially and to the embryo’s left. This rotation is complete by the early eighty week. 3、中肠袢的返回 第10周，腹腔扩大，肠袢退回，脐腔关闭。 退回时，又逆时针旋转180度。 头支先回→左 形成空肠和回肠大部 尾支后回→右 形成回肠末端和横结肠右2/3。 During the 10th week, the midgut retracts into the abdomen and rotates an addition 180 degrees. The intestines have completely returned to the abdominal cavity by the 11th week. Fig 9-9C-E 4、泄殖腔的分隔 横结肠左1/3 后肠向左 降结肠 乙状结肠 末端：泄殖腔膜 泄殖腔 cloaca 腹侧：连接尿囊 末端膨大 6-7w， The cloaca（泄殖腔）is partitioned into a