《计算机网络——自顶向下方法与Internet特色》幻灯片Lecture41.pptVIP

Chapter 4: Network Layer (网络层) Chapter goals (本章目标): understand principles behind network layer services （理解网络层服务原理）: network layer service models 网络层服务模型 forwarding versus routing 转发与路由 how a router works 路由器是如何工作的？ routing (path selection) 选路 dealing with scale 处理系统的扩展 advanced topics: IPv6, mobility 前沿话题 Instantiation：implementation in the Internet Chapter 4: Network Layer 4. 1 Introduction 4.2 Virtual circuit and datagram networks 4.3 What’s inside a router 4.4 IP: Internet Protocol Datagram format IPv4 addressing ICMP IPv6 4.5 Routing algorithms Link state Distance Vector Hierarchical routing 4.6 Routing in the Internet RIP OSPF BGP 4.7 Broadcast and multicast routing 4.1 Introduction：Network layer transport segment from sending to receiving host on sending side encapsulates segments into datagrams on rcving side, delivers segments to transport layer network layer protocols in every host, router Router examines header fields in all IP datagrams passing through it 网络层的功能 在收发主机之间传输分组 网络层协议必须在每一台主机和路由器上实现 三项重要功能: 路径决策 Routing: 为分组在收发双方之间确定路径， 路由选择算法 转发 Forwarding: 在路由器的输入、输出端口传递分组 建立连接 connection setup : 某些网络的体系结构要求在数据流经之前，在所经由的路由器中建立连接 4.1.1 Key Network-Layer Functions 1. forwarding: move packets from router’s input to appropriate router output 2. routing: determine route taken by packets from source to dest. Routing algorithms 3. Connection setup 3rd important function in some network architectures: ATM, frame relay (帧中继), X.25 Before datagrams flow, two hosts and intervening routers establish virtual connection Routers get involved Network and transport layer connection service: Network: between two hosts Transport: between two processes 4.1.2 Network service model 网络服务模型 Example services for individual datagrams: guaranteed delivery 确保交付 Guaranteed delivery with bounded delay具有时延上界的确保交付。less than 100 msec delay Example services for a flow of datagrams: In-order packet delivery 有序分组交付 Guaranteed minimum bandwidth to flow 确保最小带宽 Restrictions on changes in