水下仿生推进系水动力特性研究.pdf

摘要 水下仿生推进系统水动力特性研究 摘要 高效、高机动性的水下运载器是目前水下运载器设计领域的研究热点,这种运载器 除了用于海洋观察外还可广泛地用于水下作业、水下救生、军事观察等，具有很好的 应用前景。传统的螺旋桨推进系统具有能源利用率低、机动性能差等缺点，因此利用 仿生学原理将鱼类的推进和操纵系统用于水下运载器，开发新型的仿生推进系统是非 常有应用前景的研究方向。海洋中游动最快的鱼类都是采用尾鳍摆动式推进模式的， 本文以此推进模式为研究对象，使用大型通用CFD 商业软件FLUENT 对水翼和尾鳍做非 定常运动时的流场进行了数值计算，给出了各工况下的水动力性能和流场情况，并着 重于从流场特点的角度出发从本质上理解这种方式的推进效应。 本文首先研究了同为振荡型流场的振荡圆柱流场，对静止水中和均匀来流中的圆 柱振荡数值计算了几种工况下的流场，给出了升力和阻力系数曲线以及尾迹的流场特 征图。对二维升沉纵摇耦合运动水翼进行了粘流场的数值计算和流场分析，探讨了各 工况下平均推力系数和推进效率的表现以及尾迹流场的结构特点。建立了三维仿生尾 鳍和整鱼的计算模型，数值计算了设定工况下的尾鳍做纵摇横移耦合运动的非定常流 场，给出了尾鳍的水动力系数和尾流区域的流场特征图以及躯体对尾鳍水动力性能的 影响。 关键字：振动水翼；尾鳍；流场；水动力特性 I Abstract Hydrodynamic characteristics study of underwater bionic propellant system abstract Underwater vehicle with high efficiency and flexibility has become a research hotspot in the field of underwater vehicle design, which can be widely applied to underwater task, underwater lifesaving, military observation, and so on, besides ocean observation and with good application foreground. Because of disadvantage of low efficiency and poor flexibility for conventional screw propeller, to apply propellant and manipulation system of fish to underwater vehicle by bionics principium and develop new bionic propellant system is a study aspect with high application foreground. The propellant model of fish with highest speed in ocean is swing by caudal fin and this thesis do numerical simulation to the flow field causing by unsteady motion of hydrofoil and caudal fin using CFD software FLUENT aiming at this propellant model, giving hydrodynamic capability of caudal fin and flow field condition in different conditions, emphasizing to essentially understand propellant domino offect of this way from point of view of characteristic of flow field. In