21世纪研究生英语综合教程课后翻译.docVIP

综合教程1 第一单元 Because of the sizable colonial trades with many overseas areas，the gold and silver coins of all the important commercial countries of Europe and their dependencies in the Western Hemisphere were freely exchanged throughout the eastern seaboard. More important than English coins，which could not be legally exported from Britain to the colonies，were the sliver coins of the Spanish mint. These were struck in Mexico City and Lima and introduced into the Spanish colonies. Spanish dollars were so common in the colonies that the coin was eventually adopted as the monetary unit of the United States． Although Massachusetts first attempted to mint coins of low bullion content as early as 1652, the colonies eventually turned to paper to increase their meager and undependable money supply。The promissory notes of well—known individuals and bills of exchange drawn on English merchants readily exchanged hands for several months．In addition，treasures of the various colonies began to issue promissory notes in advance of tax collection and issue written orders to town officers requiring the payments of obligations from local stores，like other negotiable instruments，these pieces of paper were exchanged on endorsement as money． 由于殖民地与许多海外地区的大量贸易，所有欧洲的重要商业国及其在西半球的附属国的金银铸币在北美东海岸都可以自由交易。由于法律不允许英国货币从英国流向殖民地，相比之下，西班牙货币显得更加重要。这些货币在墨西哥城几利马铸造，再流入西班牙殖民地。西班牙币在殖民地被普遍使用，以至这种货币最终成为美国的货币单位。 虽然早在1652年马萨诸塞首先铸造低含金量的硬币，但殖民地最后转而用纸币来提高短缺且不可靠的货币供给。著名人士的期票与签发给英国商人的汇票在几个月内就能顺利转手。此外．各殖民地的财政部门开始在税收前签发期票，同时向城镇官员下达书面命令，要求当地店铺履行付款义务，如其他可转让的单据一样，这些票据经签注后可作为货币进行交换。 B．Translate the following sentences into English． (1)随着我国加入世界贸易组织，国有银行面临的压力越来越大，为了尽快解决资本充足率以及扩大规模，这家大银行打算与其他两家小银行合并。(merge) With China’s successful entry into the WTO，state—owned banks are faced with more and more pressure．The big bank intends to merge with two small banks so as to quickly solve the problem of capital sufficiency and enlarge its scale. (2)受全球经济衰退和通货膨胀的影响，这个城市的许多小企业已经破产或者被大公司兼并，导致大量工人面临失业的困境。(swallow up) Because of the r