三胶子以及三夸克弹性散射.pptVIP

三胶子以及三夸克弹性散射与早期热平衡化 Xiao-Ming Xu, Y. Sun, A.-Q. Chen, L. Zheng, Nucl. Phys. A744(2004)347 Gluon number density at τ=0.2fm/c: ~ 38 fm-3 at RHIC ~ 140 fm-3 at LHC At very high gluon number density, three-gluon scatterings, four-gluon scatterings, five-gluon scatterings etc. are important. This can be shown by Monte Carlo simulations of initial gluon distribution RA=6.4 fm, Y=5, tini=0.2 fm/c If the closest distance of two gluons is less than a given interaction range, a scattering of the two gluons occurs. If three gluons are within a sphere which center is at the center of mass of the three gluons and which radius equals the given interaction range, a scattering of the three gluons occurs. Ratio of three-gluon to two-gluon secondary scattering numbers versus the interaction range Effect of triple-gluon elastic scatterings: Early thermalization of gluon matter initially produced in central Au-Au collisions. Early thermalization: a thermal state is achieved within a time of less than 1 fm/c from the moment when quark-gluon matter is initially created in a Au-Au collision. Early Thermalization Evidences: (1) Hydrodynamic calculations for the elliptic flow coefficient v2 have shown that matter created in Au-Au collisions thermalizes within a time of less than 1 fm/c. During thermalization energy density is well above the critical value for QCD phase transition . (2) Jet quenching (3) Two-jet correlation Physics: triple-gluon elastic scatterings lead to early thermalization. Thermalization by two-body elastic scatterings is conventional: a kilogram of cold water + a kilogram of hot water → two kilograms of warm water In the mixing process, the elastic scatterings between water molecules establish a new temperature. Thermalization by three-body elastic scatterings is new. STAR Collab