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CSAEWorkingPaperWPS/201118
Growth and chronic poverty:
Evidence from rural communities in Ethiopia
Stefan Dercon
John Hoddinott
Tassew Woldehanna
May 2008
April 2009
December 2009
January 2011
This version June 2011
What keeps some people persistently poor, even in the context of relative high growth? In
this paper, we explore this question using a 15-year longitudinal data set from Ethiopia. We
compare the findings of an empirical growth model with those derived from a model of the
determinants of chronic poverty. We ask whether the chronically poor are simply not
benefiting in the same way from the same factors that allowed others to escape poverty, or
whether there are latent factors that leave them behind? We find that this chronic poverty is
associated with several initial characteristics: lack of physical assets, education, and
‘remoteness’ in terms of distance to towns or poor roads. The chronically poor appear to
benefit from some of the drivers of growth, such as better roads or extension services in much
the same way that the non-chronically poor benefit. However, they appear to have lower
growth in this period, related to time-invariant characteristics, and this suggests that they face
a considerable growth and standard of living handicap.
1. Introduction
In recent years, many African countries have experienced faster growth. Have all, some or
few poor households benefited from this growth? We address this question using a unique 15
year household panel data set from Ethiopia. Several intertemporal measures all show
considerable ‘chronic’ poverty in
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